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How does a medical emergency physician remember the list of medical emergency medicines or needs? Asthma treatment. Make a list in alphabetical order. Albuterol is for asthma treatment. Levalbuterol is for asthma treatment. Ipratropium is for asthma treatment. Corticosteroids is for asthma treatment. Leukotriene modifiers are for asthma treatment. Theophylline is for asthma treatment (requires regular blood tests). What are the types of heart medications? 1. Anticoagulants 2. Antiplatelet agents and dual antiplatelet therapy 3. ACE inhibitors 4. Angiotensin II receptor blockers 5. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors 6. Beta blockers 7. Calcium channel blockers 8. Cholesterol-lowering medications 9. Digitalis preparations 10. Diuretics 11. Vasodilators What is on the list of pharmacology relevant to nephrology? What medicines are required in this situation? 1. Antihypertensive medications 2. Urinary tract stone medications 3. Medicine to treat high levels of phosphate in patients with chronic renal failure 4. Drug class: dialysis solutions 5. Other medications Antihypertensive medications: What are various examples? Diuretics (water pills) hydrochlorothiazide ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Potassium binders What is the maximum oral dose of hydrochlorothiazide per day? The dose is usually not more than 50 mg per day. What are examples of diuretics? Aldactone (spironolactone) Bumex (bumetanide) Demadex (torsemide) Esidrix (hydrochlorothiazide) Lasix (furosemide) Zaroxolyn (metolazone) What is the first choice of medicine for hypertension in adults in this situation? Hydrochlorothiazide (oral route) 12.5 mg. Take one tablet by mouth one time daily. What was your recent blood pressure? This is how you must reply. Blood pressure records At 6:59 PM on Saturday, April 16, 2022, my blood pressure in Chicago was 130/88 mm hg. Can you increase the dose of hydrochlorothiazide (oral route) to 12.5 mg? What is the maximum oral dose of hydrochlorothiazide? What other combinations of antihypertensive medications can you take? What are various examples and their doses? What must manufacturers know about the requirements of 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (oral route) in America? On or after April 16, 2022, at least 37 million Americans had chronic kidney disease with hypertension. At least as many will require 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (oral route) every day in the future in America. Hydrochlorothiazide: What must a specific physician know? Description and brand names Before using Proper use Precautions Side effects What are some US brand name for hydrochlorothiazide? Aquazide H Hydrocot Microzide Zide In what format is this medicine dosage available? Capsule Tablet What are the functions of the human kidney? 1. Removal of urea, creatinine, and other metabolites 2. Hemoglobin or blood formation 3. Acid-base balance 4. Drug metabolism How do you maintain your kidney functions? An excess of anything is bad or harmful. 1. Intake of salt, sugar, and similar consumable items in required quantities 2. Blood pressure control 3. For diabetics, blood sugar control 4. Water intake according to requirements 5. Avoid over-the-counter medications 6. Drink tea, coffee, and similar beverages in the required quantities Do not diagnose chronic kidney disease (CKD) without publicly deliberating on the issues. What food is good for human kidneys? Fish Kale Spinach Sweet Potatoes Specific vitamins that are good for kidneys High blood pressure Head pain that lasts longer than five minutes or high blood pressure. Where are detailed facts about high blood pressure? https://www.qureshiuniversity.com/highbloodpressure.html What is a hypertensive emergency? If your blood pressure reading is 180/120 or greater and you are experiencing any other associated symptoms of target organ damage, such as severe headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness, change in vision, or difficulty speaking, this would be considered a hypertensive emergency. If your blood pressure reading is 180/120 or below or above normal without the mentioned symptoms, this would be considered a hypertensive urgency. What are the causes of a hypertensive crisis? Causes of a hypertensive crisis include: 1. Forgetting to take blood pressure medication 2. Suddenly stopping certain heart medications, such as beta blockers 3. Medication interactions 4. Tumor of the adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma) Research can reveal many more causes. What are the symptoms of a hypertensive crisis? Anxiety Blurred vision Chest pain Confusion Difficulty speaking Nausea and vomiting Numbness/weakness Not responding to stimulation (unresponsiveness) Pain relevant to the situation Seizures Severe headache Shortness of breath Hypertensive crisis treatment Esmolol for hypertensive crisis treatment. Nitroglycerin for hypertensive crisis treatment. Nitroprusside for hypertensive crisis treatment. Labetalol for hypertensive crisis treatment. Hydralazine for hypertensive crisis treatment. High blood pressure without hypertensive crisis treatment Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Some commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors include: Benazepril (Lotensin) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Captopril (Capoten) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Enalapril (Vasotec) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Fosinopril (Monopril) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Moexipril (Univasc) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Perindopril (Aceon) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Quinapril (Accupril) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Ramipril (Altace) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Trandolapril (Mavik) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (or inhibitors), also known as ARBs Some commonly prescribed ARBs include: Azilsartan (Edarbi) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Candesartan (Atacand) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Eprosartan (Teveten) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Irbesartan (Avapro) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Losartan (Cozaar) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Olmesartan (Benicar) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Telmisartan (Micardis) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. Valsartan (Diovan) for high blood pressure treatment without a hypertensive crisis. What is the first line of treatment for high blood pressure? Hydrochlorothiazide (oral route) 12.5 mg. What are the complications? Every 6 months, hypokalemia has to be verified. If hypokalemia is verified, stop hydrochlorothiazide and start lisinopril. What is the second line of treatment for high blood pressure? lisinopril 20 mg tablet Commonly known as: Zestril Take 1 tablet by mouth daily. Food and habitable housing Make sure food and habitable housing are on the list. You have to give medication to a person with food and habitable housing. |