Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
Annotation or Definition
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Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Coronary circulation 
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1. Annotation or Definition What is the annotation or definition of this medical condition? 2. Causes What causes it? 3. Complications What complications can occur? 4. Diagnosis 5. Diagnostic tests 6. Disabilities associated with this medical condition 7. Emergencies associated with this medical condition 8. EpidemiologyHow many such cases occur worldwide every year?9. History of this medical conditionHow has diagnosis and treatment of this medical condition evolved?10. Medical history relevant to this medical conditionWhat medical history should you seek relevant to this issue?11. Medical emergencies associated with this medical condition 12. Mechanism or pathogenesisWhat happens in this medical condition?13. Normal values 14. PreventionHow can this medical condition be prevented?15. Relevant anatomy, physiology, or biochemistry 16. Risk factors 17. ResearchWhat research is being done on this issue? How can I help? How can you help?18. Symptoms and signsHow is this medical condition reported? What should happen before reporting this medical condition? 19. TypesWhat are the types of this medical condition?20. Treatment or management What are various treatment options? Treat the underlying cause. What is the best setting or location to treat this medical condition? Do on-the-spot treatment as described. Shift to ER or ICU after the on-the-spot treatment. While handling any disease or medical condition, make sure you have answers to these questions. What is it? What causes it? What are the risk factors? What's normal? How is it diagnosed? What are the symptoms? What are the signs? What are the clinical findings? Medical emergencies associated with this medical condition What medical emergencies can occur due to this medical condition? What human anatomy should one know relevant to this medical condition? What should you elaborate about a human organ? What is the gross anatomy of this human organ? What are the attachments of this human organ? What is the arterial, venous supply to this human organ? What is the nerve supply to this human organ? What is the lymphatic supply to this human organ? What are the functions of this human organ? What medical conditions are associated with any problems with this human organ? What human physiology should one know relevant to this medical condition? What human biochemistry should one know relevant to this medical condition? What human microbiology should one know relevant to this medical condition? Is it a medical emergency? Is it a medical disability? Is it a medical condition without a medical emergency or disability? Is it an administrative emergency? There are some questions applicable to specific medical conditions or age. What is the diagnosis and treatment? What physical activity or social activity should not be done while having this medical condition? When can normal physical and social activity be started? What is the ideal weight or height for this medical condition and age? What medicines and foods should not be consumed while having this medical condition? What procedures should not be done in this medical condition? When can this medical condition become a medical emergency? What are the lab or investigation findings? What must a medical doctor or pediatrician psychiatrist surgeon exclude before diagnosing this medical condition? What are the possible complications? How do you manage these complications? What are various symptoms, signs, statements, questions, issues, and histories that should raise suspicion of a medical emergency? What are the workable treatment options? When is counseling required? When is medication required? How long should medication last? What type of medication is available? When is surgical intervention indicated? How could this be prevented? Various diagnostic tests What diagnostic tests are done relevant to this medical condition? Epidemiology What questions should be answered in epidemiology relevant to a medical condition? What was the prevalence of this medical condition worldwide in 2016? How should quality of reported prevalence of this medical condition be enhanced every year worldwide, continent by continent, and state by state? What continent or state reported the greatest number of these cases in 2016? History of this medical condition. When was this medical condition first known to human beings? Who set the criteria for diagnosis of this medical condition? When were the criteria for diagnosis of this medical condition last updated? What are the new recommendations to be included in diagnosis of this medical condition? Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Stents No Extra Benefits Are Seen in Stents for Coronary Artery Disease The procedure has certain risks. According to Dr. __________, an author of the analysis, the risk for death is about one in a thousand, and complications can include stroke, heart attack, bleeding, kidney damage and serious allergic reactions. Bare-metal stent Drug-eluting stent Drug-eluting stent What is a stent? A stent is a small rod made out of metal or fabric. It is inserted into a coronary artery when there is a blockage or when the artery is narrow. A coronary artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygen to the heart muscle . There are two types of stents: •Bare-metal stent: This is a stent made of metal that is placed in the artery to help hold it open. Over time, the artery will heal and tissue will grow over the stent, holding it in place. •Drug-eluting stent: A drug-eluting stent is a metal stent that is coated in a medicine. The medicine is slowly released and may help prevent excess tissue from growing over the stent. Excess tissue can cause the artery to narrow again, restricting blood flow. Why do I need a stent? You may need a stent if you have coronary artery disease (also called CAD or coronary heart disease). CAD is caused by a thickening of the inside walls of the coronary arteries . This thickening is called atherosclerosis (say: “ath-uh-roe-skluh-roe-suhs”). A fatty substance called plaque builds up inside the thickened walls of the arteries, blocking or slowing the flow of blood. If your heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood to work properly, you may have angina (chest pain) or a heart attack. The stent will help hold the artery open so blood can flow and help keep the artery from narrowing again. My doctor says I will need a stent. What will the procedure be like? If you need a stent, it will be placed during a procedure called an angioplasty. Angioplasty is a surgical treatment for CAD. You will be awake during the procedure, but you will be given medicine to help you relax. The doctor will make a very small incision in an artery in your leg, arm, or neck. The area will be numb so that you will not feel pain. A very small tube, called a catheter , will be inserted into the artery. On the tip of the catheter is a small, deflated balloon. The doctor will put the stent around the deflated balloon. The catheter will be carefully guided into the artery and up to the point where there is a blockage. The balloon will be inflated to help stretch out the artery and allow blood to flow. This also expands the stent, which locks into place to permanently help support the artery. Once the stent is in place, the balloon is deflated and the catheter and balloon will be removed. How will I feel after getting a stent? After an angioplasty, you will stay in the hospital for a day while your heart is monitored. You will be given medicine to keep clots from forming and to relax your arteries. The place where the incision was made may be sore or tender. Once you go home, you will need to rest and relax. You will not be able to exercise or lift heavy objects for about a week. Your doctor will tell you what you can and cannot do while you recover at home. Call your doctor if you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or any pain, swelling, or bleeding from the incision area. What will my life be like after I get a stent? After you have an angioplasty, you will need to take medicine that keeps the stent open and blood flowing. It is very important to take the medicine exactly how your doctor tells you to take it. In addition to taking medicine, the best way to keep your heart healthy is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Your doctor can help you to do the following: •Quit smoking. •Make sure you keep your blood pressure and cholesterol at healthy levels. •Exercise 30 minutes, 5 days per week. •Eat a heart-healthy diet . |