What are galvanised pipes? Plumbers are primarily responsible for installing and maintaining various types of piping systems and fixtures. The exact responsibilities of the plumber are dependent on the setting. Plumbers must know what types of materials are appropriate for their setting. He or she must be able to follow blueprints and work with plumbing tools. Many plumbers are involved in the design of piping systems, especially in new construction, or they may have to redesign old or outdated systems. Plumbers sometimes need to perform basic carpentry to access pipes in walls or brace pipes to keep them in place. Plumbers then weld, solder or attach fittings together when necessary. Once the piping system is installed, plumbers install fixtures, such as bathtubs, showers, water heaters or dishwashers. Different Types of Plumbers Plumbers, pipelayers, pipefitters, sprinklerfitters and steamfitters are all specialties within the plumbing profession. Each works to install, repair and maintain piping systems. Depending on the system, different materials or techniques may apply. Different types of Plumbers include: Pipelayers:The pipelayer sets and installs the actual piping needed for the system. He or she digs and grades the trenches where the pipe will lays, sets the pipes in the trenches and pieces the pipes together by welding, cementing or gluing. Pipefitters: Pipefitters install and maintain piping systems used in the generation of electricity, such as in manufacturing, or in heating and cooling systems of large buildings. Steamfitters: Steamfitters specialize in systems moving gases or liquids under high pressure. Plumbers: Plumbers work with water, drainage, waste disposal and gas systems in residential and commercial buildings. They also install plumbing fixtures and appliances requiring water lines. Sprinklerfitters: Most commonly, the fasteners used in mechanics are: rivets, pins, bolts, screws, nuts, washers, and braces. Mobile and permanent fasteners The union of parts made by the fasteners can be of two types: mobile or permanent. In the mobile type of union, the fasteners can be placed or removed from the set without causing any damage to parts that were attached. This is the case, for example, unions made with bolts, nuts and washers. Mobile union by screws and cotter pins The type of permanent union, the fasteners, when installed, can not be removed without becoming unusable. This is the case, for example, for unions made with rivets and welds. Permanent union by weld Both mobile and permanent bonding should be used with great skill and care because they are usually the weakest components of the machine. Thus, to design a mechanical assembly, it is necessary to choose the fixture for the type of parts that will be attached or fixed. If, for example, if you join robust parts with weak and poorly planned fasteners, the assembly will present failures and may become unusable, occasioning waste of time, material, and financial resources. It is still important to plan properly and choose the correct fasteners to be used to avoid stress concentration in the parts set. These strains can cause disruption due to fatigue of the material, ie, the decrease of strength or weakness of the material due to stress and constant effort. Kinds of fasteners * A screw is a piece consisting of a cylindrical body and a screw head, which can take many forms; * The nut is shaped like a prism or cylinder and presents a threaded hole. Through this hole, the nut is screwed to the screw; * The rivet is formed by a cylindrical body and a head. It is manufactured in steel, aluminum, copper or brass. It is used for permanent fixed-tion of two or more pieces; * Pins join articulated parts. In this type of union, one of the pieces can move by rotation; * The peg connect parts that are not interconnected; * The cotter is a rod or wire in a shape similar to that of a half-cylinder, folded so as to make a circular head and has two uneven legs. Place the counter-pin or cotter pins in a hole at the end of a pin or screw and nut castle. Cotter's legs are turned backwards and thus prevent the output of the pin or nut during vibrations of the clamped parts; * The washer is a metal disk with a hole in the center and the body of the screw goes through the hole; * The snap ring is used to prevent displacement of axes. It also serves to position or limit the movement of a piece that slides over a shaft. http://www.plumbingsupply.com/index.html http://www.plumbing-basics.com/pipes/pipes-brass.htm http://www.spiraxsarco.com/resources/steam-engineering-tutorials/questions.asp?block=10&module=2 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/saturated-steam-properties-d_457.html