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Geology

What is Earth Science?

Earth Science is the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an exciting science with many interesting and practical applications. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the Earth to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. Others study the impact of human activity on Earth's environment and design methods to protect the planet.

Many different sciences are used to learn about the earth, however, the four basic areas of Earth science study are: geology, meteorology, oceanography and astronomy.
Geology: Science of the Earth
Meteorology: Science of the Atmosphere
Oceanography: Science of the Oceans
Astronomy: Science of the Universe
Geology
    What is Geology?
    What do Geologists do?
    How do geologists identify minerals?
Rocks
    What are rocks?
    What are rocks made out of?
    Where do rocks come from?
    How are rocks the same and different?
    Do rocks dissolve?
    How long does it take to dissolve rocks in nature?
    What evidence would suggest that these rocks are undergoing chemical weathering?
    How are igneous rocks formed?
    How are sedimentary rocks formed?
    How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Minerals
    What are minerals?
    What is clay?
    Where does clay come from?
    What properties are used to describe minerals?
    How many minerals are there?
    Native Elements ~ copper, silver, gold, nickel-iron, graphite, diamond
    Sulfides ~ sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite Halides ~ halite, fluorite
    Oxides & Hydroxides ~ corundum, hematite
    Nitrates, Carbonates, Borates ~ calcite, dolomite, malachite
    Sulfates, Chromates, Molybdates, Tungstates ~ celestite, barite, gypsum
    Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates ~ apatite, turquoise
    Silicates ~ quartz, almandine garnet, topaz, jadeite, talc, biotite mica
    Energy minerals are used to produce electricity, fuel for transportation, heating for homes and offices and in the manufacture of plastics. Energy minerals include coal, oil, natural gas and uranium.

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Material Type
Metals and alloys
    What is a metal and what is a heavy metal?
    How many kinds of metals are there?
    What are the characteristics of metals?
    What are some applications of metals?
Ceramics
Plastics
Semiconductors
Textiles
Finish
Recycled
Adhesives
Biopolymers
Glass
Composite materials
    Portland cement
    Asphalt
    Fibreglass
    Wood
    Plywood is a commonly encountered composite material
Wood is a natural composite of Cellulose fibers in a matrix of lignin.
What is Tensile Testing?
Why Perform a Tensile Test or Tension Test?