Qureshi University, Advanced courses, via cutting edge technology, News, Breaking News | Latest News And Media | Current News
admin@qureshiuniversity.com

Admissions | Accreditation | Booksellers | Catalog | Colleges | Contact Us | Continents/States/Districts | Contracts | Examinations | Forms | Grants | Hostels | Instructors | Lecture | Librarians | Membership | Professional Examinations | Recommendations | Research Grants | Researchers | Students login | Schools | Search | Seminar | Study Center/Centre | Universities | Volunteer | Honorary Doctorate degree

Elements
How many elements are there?

As of August 21, 2012, scientists know of 118 different elements.

What should you know about a chemical element?

You should be able to elaborate on chemical elements under at least 100 different headings.

Element Groups:
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Other Metals
Metalloids
Non-Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Rare Earth Elements
|
What are all the elements?

Atomic Number

Symbol

Name

Average Atomic Weight
(u)

1

H

Hydrogen

1.00794

2

He

Helium

4.002602

3

Li

Lithium

6.941

4

Be

Beryllium

9.012182

5

B

Boron

10.811

6

C

Carbon

12.0107

7

N

Nitrogen

14.0067

8

O

Oxygen

15.9994

9

F

Fluorine

18.9984032

10

Ne

Neon

20.1797

11

Na

Sodium

22.989770

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.3050

13

Al

Aluminium

26.981538

14

Si

Silicon

28.0855

15

P

Phosphorus

30.973761

16

S

Sulfur

32.065

17

Cl

Chlorine

35.453

18

Ar

Argon

39.948

19

K

Potassium

39.0983

20

Ca

Calcium

40.078

21

Sc

Scandium

44.955910

22

Ti

Titanium

47.867

23

V

Vanadium

50.9415

24

Cr

Chromium

51.9961

25

Mn

Manganese

54.938049

26

Fe

Iron

55.845

27

Co

Cobalt

58.933200

28

Ni

Nickel

58.6934

29

Cu

Copper

63.546

30

Zn

Zinc

65.39

31

Ga

Gallium

69.723

32

Ge

Germanium

72.64

33

As

Arsenic

74.92160

34

Se

Selenium

78.96

35

Br

Bromine

79.904

36

Kr

Krypton

83.80

37

Rb

Rubidium

85.4678

38

Sr

Strontium

87.62

39

Y

Yttrium

88.90585

40

Zr

Zirconium

91.224

41

Nb

Niobium

92.90638

42

Mo

Molybdenum

95.94

43

Tc

Technetium

[98]

44

Ru

Ruthenium

101.07

45

Rh

Rhodium

102.90550

46

Pd

Palladium

106.42

47

Ag

Silver

107.8682

48

Cd

Cadmium

112.411

49

In

Indium

114.818

50

Sn

Tin

118.710

51

Sb

Antimony

121.760

52

Te

Tellurium

127.60

53

I

Iodine

126.90447

54

Xe

Xenon

131.293

55

Cs

Caesium

132.90545

56

Ba

Barium

137.327

57

La

Lanthanum

138.9055

58

Ce

Cerium

140.116

59

Pr

Praseodymium

140.90765

60

Nd

Neodymium

144.24

61

Pm

Promethium

[145]

62

Sm

Samarium

150.36

63

Eu

Europium

151.964

64

Gd

Gadolinium

157.25

65

Tb

Terbium

158.92534

66

Dy

Dysprosium

162.50

67

Ho

Holmium

164.93032

68

Er

Erbium

167.259

69

Tm

Thulium

168.93421

70

Yb

Ytterbium

173.04

71

Lu

Lutetium

174.967

72

Hf

Hafnium

178.49

73

Ta

Tantalum

180.9479

74

W

Tungsten

183.84

75

Re

Rhenium

186.207

76

Os

Osmium

190.23

77

Ir

Iridium

192.217

78

Pt

Platinum

195.078

79

Au

Gold

196.96655

80

Hg

Mercury

200.59

81

Tl

Thallium

204.3833

82

Pb

Lead

207.2

83

Bi

Bismuth

208.98038

84

Po

Polonium

[209]

85

At

Astatine

[210]

86

Rn

Radon

[222]

87

Fr

Francium

[223]

88

Ra

Radium

[226]

89

Ac

Actinium

[227]

90

Th

Thorium

232.0381

91

Pa

Protactinium

231.03588

92

U

Uranium

238.02891

93

Np

Neptunium

[237]

94

Pu

Plutonium

[244]

95

Am

Americium

[243]

96

Cm

Curium

[247]

97

Bk

Berkelium

[247]

98

Cf

Californium

[251]

99

Es

Einsteinium

[252]

100

Fm

Fermium

[257]

101

Md

Mendelevium

[258]

102

No

Nobelium

[259]

103

Lr

Lawrencium

[262]

104

Rf

Rutherfordium

[261]

105

Db

Dubnium

[262]

106

Sg

Seaborgium

[266]

107

Bh

Bohrium

[264]

108

Hs

Hassium

[277]

109

Mt

Meitnerium

[268]

110

Uun

Ununnilium

[281]

111

Uuu

Unununium

[272]

112

Uub

Ununbium

[285]

114

Uuq

Ununquadium

[289]

116

Uuh

Ununhexium

unknown

118

Uuo

Ununoctium

unknown

Elements by Atomic Number Alphabetical list of Elements
Elements Atomic Number Name
 of Elements
Symbol
of Elements
Name
 of Elements
Elements Symbol & Atomic Number

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118

Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Caesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Ununbium
Ununtrium
Ununquadium
Ununpentium
Ununhexium
Ununseptium
Ununoctium
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl   
Ar
K
Ca 
Sc
Ti 
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge       
As
Se
Br 
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd 
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb       
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au 
Hg
Tl 
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np 
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf 
Es
Fm
Md
No 
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt          
Ds
Rg
Uub
Uut
Uuq
Uup
Uuh
Uus
Uuo     
Actinium
Aluminium
Americium
Antimony
Argon
Arsenic
Astatine
Barium
Berkelium 
Beryllium
Bismuth
Bohrium
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Cesium
Calcium
Californium
Carbon
Cerium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Curium 
Darmstadtium
Dubnium
Dysprosium
Einsteinium 
Erbium
Europium
Fermium
Fluorine
Francium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Hafnium
Hassium
Helium
Holmium
Hydrogen
Indium
Iodine
Iridium
Iron
Krypton
Lanthanum
Lawrencium
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium 
Magnesium
Manganese
Meitnerium
Mendelevium
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium
Neon
Neptunium
Nickel 
Niobium
Nitrogen
Nobelium
Osmium
Oxygen 
Palladium
Phosphorus
Platinum
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium 
Praseodymium
Promethium
Protactinium 
Radium 
Radon
Rhenium
Rhodium
Roentgenium
Rubidium 
Ruthenium
Rutherfordium
Samarium 
Scandium
Seaborgium 
Selenium
Silicon 
Silver
Sodium 
Strontium
Sulfur
Tantalum
Technetium
Tellurium
Terbium
Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Ununbium
Ununhexium
Ununoctium
Ununpentium
Ununquadium 
Ununseptium
Ununtrium
Uranium
Vanadium
Xenon 
Ytterbium
Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium
Ac - 89
Al - 13
Am - 95
Sb - 51
Ar - 18
As - 33
At - 85
Ba - 56
Bk - 97
Be - 4
Bi - 83
Bh - 107
B - 5
Br - 35
Cd - 48
Cs - 55
Ca - 20
Cf - 98 
C - 6
Ce - 58
Cl - 17
Cr - 24
Co - 27
Cu - 29
Cm - 96
Ds - 110
Db - 105
Dy - 66
Es - 99
Er - 68
Eu - 63
Fm - 100
F - 9
Fr - 87
Gd - 64
Ga - 31
Ge - 32
Au - 79
Hf - 72
Hs - 108
He - 2
Ho – 67
H - 1
In - 49
I - 53
Ir - 77 
Fe - 26
Kr - 36 
La - 57
Lr - 103
Pb - 82
Li - 3
Lu - 71
Mg - 12
Mn - 25
Mt - 109
Md - 101
Hg - 80
Mo - 42
Nd - 60
Ne - 10
Np - 93
Ni - 28
Nb - 41
N - 7
No - 102
Os - 76
O - 8
Pd - 46
P - 15
Pt - 78
Pu - 94
Po - 84
K - 19 
Pr - 59
Pm - 61
Pa - 91
Ra - 88
Rn - 86
Re - 75
Rh - 45
Rg - 111
Rb - 37
Ru - 44
Rf - 104
Sm - 62
Sc - 21
Sg - 106 
Se - 34
Si - 14
Ag - 47
Na - 11
Sr - 38
S - 16
Ta - 73
Tc - 43
Te - 52
Tb - 65
Tl - 81
Th - 90
Tm - 69
Sn - 50
Ti - 22
W - 74
Uub - 112
Uuh - 116
Uuo - 118
Uup - 115
Uuq - 114
Uus - 117
Uut - 113
U - 92
V - 23
Xe - 54
Yb - 70
Y - 39
Zn - 30 
Zr - 40        
Synthetic element

A synthetic element is one of 24 chemical elements that do not occur naturally on Earth: they have been created by human manipulation of fundamental particles in a nuclear reactor or particle accelerator, or detonation of an atomic bomb; and thus are called "synthetic", "artificial", or "man-made". The synthetic elements are those with atomic numbers 95–118, as __________ on the accompanying periodic table: these 24 elements were created between 1944 and 2010.

Classification of Elements on the Periodic Table
The elements are classified as:

  • Metalloids

  • Alkali metals

  • Alkaline Earth Metals

  • Transition Metals

  • Other Metals

  • Non-metals

  • Halogens

  • Noble Gases

  • Rare Earth Elements

Elements classified as Metalloids
The 7 elements classified as "Metalloids" are located in Groups 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 elements of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some are semi-conductors and can carry an electrical charge making them useful in calculators and computers
The Metalloids are:

  • Boron

  • Silicon

  • Germanium

  • Arsenic

  • Antimony

  • Tellurium

  • Polonium

Elements classified as Alkali Metals
The 6 elements classified as "Alkali Metals" are located in Group 1 elements of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Alkali Metals are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. Alkali metals are soft, malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The Alkali Metals are:

  • Lithium

  • Sodium

  • Potassium

  • Rubidium

  • Cesium

  • Francium

Elements classified as Alkaline Earth Metals
The 6 elements classified as "Alkaline Earth Metals" are located in Group 2 elements of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Alkaline Earth Metals are all found in the Earth’s crust, but not in the elemental form as they are so reactive. Instead, they are widely distributed in rock structures. The Alkaline Earth Metals are:

  • Beryllium

  • Magnesium

  • Calcium

  • Strontium

  • Barium

  • Radium

Elements classified as Transition Metals
The elements classified as "Transition Metals" are located in Groups 3 - 12 of the Periodic Table. Elements classified as Transition Metals are ductile, malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. The Transition Metals are:
 

  • Scandium

  • Titanium

  • Vanadium

  • Chromium

  • Manganese

  • Iron

  • Cobalt

  • Nickel

  • Copper

  • Zinc

  • Yttrium

  • Zirconium

  • Platinum

  • Gold

  • Mercury

  • Rutherfordium

  • Dubnium

  • Seaborgium

  • Bohrium

  • Hassium

  • Meitnerium

  • Ununbium

  • Niobium

  • Iridium

  • Darmstadtium 

  • Molybdenum

  • Technetium

  • Ruthenium

  • Rhodium

  • Palladium

  • Silver

  • Cadmium

  • Hafnium

  • Tantalum

  • Tungsten

  • Rhenium

  • Osmium

Elements classified as Other Metals
The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15 elements of the Periodic Table. All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density and are opaque.
The "Other Metals" are:

  • Aluminum

  • Gallium

  • Indium

  • Tin

  • Thallium

  • Lead

  • Bismuth

Elements classified as Non-metals
The 7 elements classified as "Non-metals" are located in Groups 14,15 and 16 of the Periodic Table. Non-metals are not easily able to conduct electricity or heat and do not reflect light . Non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Non-metallic elements exist, at room temperature, in two of the three states of matter : gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon).
The Non-Metal elements are:

  • Hydrogen

  • Carbon

  • Nitrogen

  • Oxygen

  • Phosphorus

  • Sulfur

  • Selenium

Elements classified as Halogens
The 5 elements classified as "halogens" are located in Group 7 elements of the Periodic Table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter - Gases such as Fluorine & Chlorine, Solids such as Iodine and Astatine and Liquid as in Bromine. The Halogen elements are:

  • Fluorine

  • Chlorine

  • Bromine

  • Iodine

  • Astatine

Elements classified as Noble Gases
The 6 elements classified as "Noble Gases" are located in Group 18 elements of the Periodic Table. The elements forming the Six Noble Gases are:

  • Helium

  • Neon

  • Argon

  • Krypton

  • Xenon

  • Radon

Elements classified as Rare Earth Elements
The elements classified as "Rare Earth Elements" are located in Group 3 elements of the Periodic Table and in the 6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth Elements are of the Lanthanide and Actinide series. Most of the elements in the Actinide series are synthetic or man-made. The Lanthanide and Actinide series of Rare Earth Elements are:
 

Lanthanide Elements Actinide Elements
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
 

The Elements

The Elements are included in The Elements are the building blocks of Modern Science and Chemistry

Lanthanoids * (57-70)
Actinoids ** (89-102)

What is an atom?
What are atoms made of?
Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms can join together to form molecules, which in turn form most of the objects around you.

Atoms are composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all. The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons.

Protons and neutrons are both composed of other particles called quarks and gluons. Protons contain two 'up' quarks and one 'down' quark while neutrons contain one 'up' quark and two 'down' quarks. The gluons are responsible for binding the quarks to one another.

What is the simplest way of explaining what atoms, elements, compounds and mixtures are?
Atoms are the smallest bits of ordinary matter and are made from particles called protons (which carry a positive electrical charge), neutrons (which carry no electrical charge) and electrons (which carry a negative electrical charge). The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons and most atoms have at least as many neutrons as protons.

An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing just one proton and one electron. If you had very, very good eyes and could look at the atoms in a sample of hydrogen, you would notice that most of the atoms have no neutrons, some of them have one neutron and a few of them have two neutrons. These different versions of hydrogen are called isotopes. All isotopes of a particular element have the same number of protons, but can have different numbers of neutrons. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is. If you change the number of neutrons an atom has, you make an isotope of that element. All known elements are arranged on a chart called the Periodic Table of Elements.

A compound is a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined. Some examples of compounds are water (H2O), table salt (NaCl), table sugar (C12H22O11) and chalk (CaCO3).

A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. Some examples of mixtures are a tossed salad, salt water and a mixed bag of M&M's candy.
What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the properties and uses of elements. Chemistry is the study of the properties and uses of materials. Chemistry is the study of organic and inorganic substances. Organic substances contain hydrogen combined with carbon; inorganic substances don't. It once was believed that organic compounds were produced exclusively by living things, but scientists today can synthesize many organic materials from inorganic ones. It once was believed that the chemical structure of elements was in the form of boxes or linear, but today these chemical structures are being questioned. Who proposed this chemical structure? How did they reach this type of chemical structure? What did they do to reach to this type of structure? Who verified the findings? It will be in the best interest of industry to focus on elements, their properties, and their uses. Thus, it will be in the best interest of industry to focus on materials, their properties, and their uses.

What is an element? How many elements are there?

An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is.

As of October 16, 2006, scientists know of 117 different elements. Some, like gold, silver, copper and carbon, have been known for thousands of years. Others, such as meitnerium, darmstadtium and ununquadium, have only recently been created by scientists. All known elements are arranged on a chart called the Periodic Table of Elements.

Element Groups:
    Alkali Metals
    Alkaline Earth Metals
    Transition Metals
    Other Metals
    Metalloids
    Non-Metals
    Halogens
    Noble Gases
    Rare Earth Elements
Name
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Electron Configuration
Number of Neutrons
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Date of Discovery
Crystal Structure

Element Groups:
Alkali Metals
The Alkali Metals are
: * Lithium
* Sodium
* Potassium
* Rubidium
* Cesium
* Francium

Alkaline Earth Metals
The Alkaline Earth Metals are
:
* Beryllium
* Magnesium
* Calcium
* Strontium
* Barium
* Radium

Transition Metals

The Transition Metals are:

* Scandium
* Titanium
* Vanadium
* Chromium
* Manganese
* Iron
* Cobalt
* Nickel
* Copper
* Zinc
* Yttrium
* Zirconium
* Niobium
* Molybdenum
* Technetium
* Ruthenium
* Rhodium
* Palladium
* Silver
* Cadmium
* Hafnium
* Tantalum
* Tungsten
* Rhenium
* Osmium
* Iridium
* Platinum
* Gold
* Mercury
* Rutherfordium
* Dubnium
* Seaborgium
* Bohrium
* Hassium
* Meitnerium
* Ununnilium
* Unununium
* Ununbium

Other Metals

The "Other Metals" are:

* Aluminum
* Gallium
* Indium
* Tin
* Thallium
* Lead
* Bismuth

Metalloids

The Metalloids are:

* Boron
* Silicon
    Uses: glass, semiconductors
    Obtained From: Second most abundant element. Found in clay, granite, quartz, sand
Germanium
* Arsenic
* Antimony
* Tellurium
* Polonium

Non-Metals

The Non-Metal elements are:

* Hydrogen
* Carbon
* Nitrogen
* Oxygen
* Phosphorus
* Sulfur
* Selenium

Halogens

The Halogens are:

* Fluorine
* Chlorine
* Bromine
* Iodine
* Astatine

* Solid- Iodine, Astatine
* Liquid- Bromine
* Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

Noble Gases

* Helium
* Neon
* Argon
* Krypton
* Xenon
* Radon

Rare Earth Elements

The Rare Earth Elements are:

Lanthanide Series

* Lanthanum
* Cerium
* Praseodymium
* Neodymium
* Promethium
* Samarium
* Europium
* Gadolinium
* Terbium
* Dysprosium
* Holmium
* Erbium
* Thulium
* Ytterbium
* Lutetium

Actinide Series

* Actinium
* Thorium
* Protactinium
* Uranium
* Neptunium
* Plutonium
* Americium
* Curium
* Berkelium
* Californium
* Einsteinium
* Fermium
* Mendelevium
* Nobelium
* Lawrencium

Aluminum

Uses: airplanes, soda cans
Obtained From: bauxite

Arsenic

Uses: Poison, conducts electricity, semiconductors
Obtained From: mispickel

Beryllium

Uses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft
Obtained From: beryl, chrysoberyl

Bismuth

Uses: pharmaceuticals, fuses
Obtained From: bismuthine

Carbon

Uses: steel, filters
Obtained From: burning with insufficient oxygen

Cadmium

Uses: poisonous, nickel-cadmium batteries
Obtained From: by-product of zinc refining

Chlorine

Uses: Water purification, bleaches
Obtained From: Salt

Copper

Uses: electrical conductor, jewelry, coins, plumbing
Obtained From: chalcopyrite, coveline, chalcosine

Chromium

Uses: Stainless steel
Obtained From: Chromite

Fluorine

Uses: Refrigerants
Obtained From: mineral fluorite

Iron

Uses: steel
Obtained From: iron ores

Lead

Uses: solder and shielding against radiation, batteries
Obtained From: galena

Nickel

Uses: electroplating metal alloys, nickel-cadmium batteries
Obtained From: pentlandite

Lithium

Uses: batteries, ceramics, lubricants
Obtained From: passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride, spodumene

Manganese

Uses: steel, batteries, ceramics
Obtained From: pyrolusite, psilomelane, rhodochrosite

Mercury

Uses: thermometers, barometers, fluorescent lamps, batteries
Obtained From: cinnabar ore

Phosphorus

Uses: fertilizers, detergents
Obtained From: phosphate rock

Uranium

Uses: fuel for nuclear reactors
Obtained From: many rocks, large amounts in pitchblende and carnotite

Selenium

Uses: photoelectric cells, TV cameras
Obtained From: refining of lead, copper, nickel

Titanium

Uses: paint, rubber, paper
Obtained From: minerals (ilmenite, rutile)

Xenon

Uses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers
Obtained From: liquid air

Zinc

Uses: metal coating, rust protection, brass, bronze, nickel
Obtained From: zinc blende, calamine

Last Updated: August 11, 2019