Contraception
What is it? Answer
What are the types? Answer
Yasmin: What is it? Answer
Yasmin 28: What is it? Answer
Short-term barrier methods (like condoms): What is it?
Long-acting reversible contraception: What is it? Answer


Contraception
What is it?
Contraception encompasses various methods to prevent pregnancy, allowing individuals to plan family size, space pregnancies, and protect reproductive health.

What are the types?

Types of Contraceptive Methods

1. Reversible Methods
These methods allow fertility to return once discontinued:
Hormonal Methods: Pills (combined estrogen-progestin or progestin-only), injections, implants, vaginal rings. They prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, and thin the uterine lining.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Copper or hormonal devices inserted into the uterus, effective for 3–12 years depending on type. Postpartum and post-abortion IUDs are also available.

Barrier Methods: Male and female condoms prevent sperm from reaching the egg and also protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Other Methods: Lactational amenorrhea (temporary postpartum infertility), diaphragms, and spermicides.

2. Irreversible Methods
These permanently prevent pregnancy, typically after achieving desired family size:

Sterilization: Surgical procedures for males (vasectomy) or females (tubal ligation) to permanently block reproductive capability.

3. Natural or Traditional Methods
These rely on monitoring fertility and timing sexual activity:

Coitus Interruptus: Withdrawal before ejaculation; high failure rate.

Rhythm Method: Avoiding intercourse during fertile days; effectiveness varies due to cycle irregularities.

Lactational Amenorrhea: Effective up to six months postpartum with exclusive breastfeeding.

Benefits and Considerations

Health Benefits: Reduces maternal and infant mortality, prevents closely spaced pregnancies, and lowers risk of unsafe abortions.
Social and Economic Benefits: Supports women’s education, employment, and empowerment.
Side Effects: Vary by method; hormonal methods may cause minor side effects, while IUDs may cause temporary spotting or increased menstrual bleeding .

Accessibility: In (name of town or city, state, and postal code}, contraceptives are provided free through public health programs, including counseling and insertion services for IUDs and implants

Short-term barrier methods (like condoms): What is it?
Long-acting reversible contraception: What is it?
Short-term barrier methods (like condoms)
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (like IUDs)

Yasmin: What is it?
Notable historical figures include Yasmin Bint Ismail, a 10th-century Arab princess, and Yasmin Khanum, a 16th-century Mughal princess

Yasmin 28: What is it?
An oral contraceptive is a pill taken daily to prevent pregnancy.
A Guide to Birth Control Pill Brands and Generic Names
List of birth control pill brands and generic names
List of examples of oral contraceptives of different brands and categories:
MONOPHASIC PRODUCTS
BRAND NAME(S) ESTROGEN PROGESTIN
Alesse-28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Apri ethinyl estradiol desogestrel
Aviane ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Brevicon ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Demulen 1/35-21
Demulen 1/35-28
Demulen 1/50-21
Demulen 1/50-28
ethinyl estradiol ethynodiol diacetate
Desogen ethinyl estradiol desogestrel
Genora 1/35 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Genora 1/50 mestranol norethindrone
Levlite 28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Levlen 21
Levlen 28
ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Levora 0.15/30-21
Levora 0.15/30-28
ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Loestrin 21 1/20
Loestrin 21 1.5/30
Loestrin FE 1/20
Loestrin FE 1.5/30
ethinyl estradiol norethindrone acetate
Lo-Ovral 28
Ovral 28
ethinyl estradiol norgestrel
Low-Ogestrel 28
Ogestrel 0.5/50-28
ethinyl estradiol norgestrel
Microgestin 1/20
Microgestin 1.5/30
Microgestin FE 1/20
Microgestin FE 1/5/30
ethinyl estradiol norethindrone acetate
Modicon ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Necon 0.5/35-21
Necon 0.5/35-28
Necon 1/50-21
Necon 1/50-28
Necon 1/35-21
Necon 1/35-28
ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Nordette 28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Norinyl 1/50 mestranol norethindrone
Norinyl 1/35 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Nortrel 0.5/35
Nortrel 1/35
ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Ortho-Cept ethinyl estradiol desogestrel
Ortho-Novum 1/35 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Ortho-Novum 1/50 mestranol norethindrone
Ortho-Cyclen ethinyl estradiol norgestimate
Ovcon 50
Ovcon 35
ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Tri-Norinyl 28 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Yasmin 28 ethinyl estradiol drospirenone
Zovia 1/50E
Zovia 1/35E
ethinyl estradiol ethynodiol diacetate
BIPHASIC PRODUCTS
BRAND NAME(S) ESTROGEN PROGESTIN
Jenest 28 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Mircette ethinyl estradiol desogestrel
Necon 10/11-21 Necon 10/11-28 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Ortho-Novum 10/11 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
TRIPHASIC PRODUCTS
BRAND NAME(S) ESTROGEN PROGESTIN
Estrostep 21 Estrostep FE ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Ortho Tri-Cyclen Ortho Tri-Cyclen LO ethinyl estradiol norgestimate
Tri-Levlen 21 Tri-Levlen 28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Tri-Norinyl 28 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone
Triphasil 28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Trivora 28 ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
24-4 PREPARATIONS (24 days of hormone pills and 4 days of placebo pills)
Yaz ethinyl estradiol drospirenone
Lo Estrin 24-4 ethinyl estradiol norethindrone acetate
EXTENDED-CYCLE PREPARATIONS
Seasonale ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
Seasonique ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel
PROGESTIN-ONLY PRODUCTS
BRAND NAME(S) ESTROGEN PROGESTIN
Micronor norethindrone
Nor-QD norethindrone
Ovrette norgestrel


Yasmin 28
Do not use Yasmin if you are pregnant or if you recently had a baby.

You may need to use back-up birth control, such as condoms with spermicide, when you first start using this medication.

Conditions that prohibit the use of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives

A woman should not take estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives if any of the following conditions are present:
Recently postpartum (gave birth within the last 21 days)
Hereditary condition that increases risk of blood clots or current or past blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism)
Active cancer, except for nonmelanoma skin cancer
Current breast cancer
Prolonged immobility due to major surgery
Migraines with an aura (symptoms that occur before the headache, such as seeing jagged, shimmering, or flashing lights or having unusual sensations in the skin)
Smokes cigarettes and is 35 years or older
High blood pressure that is severe
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (heart damage that occurred during pregnancy)
Risk factors for or current coronary artery disease
Stroke
Heart valve disorder that is causing health problems
Diabetes for more than 20 years or diabetes that has damaged blood vessels, such as those in the eyes (causing loss of vision)
Systemic lupus erythematosus or risk factors for developing blood clots related to lupus
Organ transplant with complications
Hepatitis, cirrhosis that is severe, or a liver tumor
Active viral hepatitis

Other considerations

Other factors may pose health risks with use of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives, and should be discussed with a doctor before starting this birth control method. These include
Risk factors for forming blood clots (especially soon after pregnancy)
Smoking
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Gallbladder or liver disorders
History bariatric surgery
Past breast cancer
Multiple sclerosis with mobility issues
Use of certain antibiotics or antiseizure medications
Progestin-only contraceptives have fewer risks and are often taken by women who cannot take estrogen. Some factors that may pose health risks with use of progestin-only contraceptives and should be discussed with a doctor include
Current abnormal vaginal bleeding
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Blood vessel disorders due to diabetes or lupus
Liver disorders
Bariatric surgery
History of breast cancer
Oral contraceptives cause no increase, or possibly a small increase, in the risk of breast cancer in women who are currently taking them or who took them within the past few years.
For healthy women who do not smoke, taking low-dose estrogen-progestin pills with a low dose of estrogen does not increase the risk of having a stroke or heart attack.