Focal brain dysfunction
vascular events (CVA)
demyelination
infection, such as cerebral abcess
focal head injury
brain tumour
Diffuse brain dysfunction
infection, such as meningitis or encephalitis
epilepsy
hypoxia and hypercarbia
drugs, poisoning and overdoses ( including alcohol)
metabolic/endocrine causes, such as diabetic coma, hepatic or renal failure, hypothyroidism, severe electrolyte disturbances
hypotension, or hypertensive crisis
diffuse head injury
subarachnoid haemorrhage
hypothermia, hyperthermia